canl\u0131lar<\/a>\u0131n etkisi yani be\u015feri fakt\u00f6rler gibi nedenler etkiler. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, su ve besin maddesi miktar\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn her noktas\u0131ndaki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek ve suyun az oldu\u011fu yerlerde i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131, suyu depolayan bitkiler olurken; yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan yerlerde ise genellikle geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 bitkiler bulunur.
Haydi, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyelim. Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn iklim oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Her bitki kendine has \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yeti\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ekvatora yak\u0131n yerlerde geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131, kutuplara yak\u0131n yerlerde ise i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 bitkiler olur.
Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen bir di\u011fer etken de toprak \u00e7e\u015fididir. Verimli bir toprakta zengin, verimsiz bir toprakta ise c\u0131l\u0131z bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde topra\u011f\u0131n killi, kire\u00e7li ya da kumlu olu\u015fu da bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini etkiler.
B\u00f6lgedeki yer \u015fekilleri de bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini etkiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin her 200 metrede s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 derece d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alacak olursak bir da\u011f\u0131n ete\u011finden zirvesine kadar bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlendi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.
Be\u015feri fakt\u00f6r olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan insan etkisi de bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fekillenmesinde etkendir. Tar\u0131m, sanayile\u015fme, yerle\u015fim ve yakacak ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ya\u015fam alan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen b\u00f6lgedeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130klim tipleri ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130klim ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda olan yerlerin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcleri de birbirinin ayn\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Akdeniz iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda bulunan \u015eili, G\u00fcney Afrika, Avustralya, \u0130talya, T\u00fcrkiye ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde zeytin ve ke\u00e7i boynuzu a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eunu da eklemek gerekir ki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fclerinin yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde aral\u0131ks\u0131z ku\u015faklar olu\u015fturmazlar. Bu noktada yer \u015fekillerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Fakat genel olarak ekvatordan kutuplara do\u011fru a\u011fa\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131 geni\u015ften i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131lara do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitleri nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ekvatordan kutuplara kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim ku\u015faklar\u0131 bulunur, gelin bunlar\u0131 birlikte inceleyelim.
Akdeniz: Akdeniz iklimi, yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0131l\u0131k ve nemli bir karaktere sahiptir. Bu iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan hayvan ve bitkiler bu \u015fartlara uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genellikle g\u00f6vdelerinde su tutan bitkiler ya\u015farlar.
Tundra: Ayn\u0131 zamanda kutup alt\u0131 iklimi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan tundra, kendi karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re tundra bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de olu\u015fturur. Kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede g\u00f6r\u00fclen tundralar y\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde karla kapl\u0131d\u0131r, kuru ve so\u011fuktur. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nem ve fakir besin maddeleri nedeniyle tundralar yosun ve otlardan olu\u015fan bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.
Savan: Tropikal topraklardan olu\u015fan savanlarda bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131lar ve tekil a\u011fa\u00e7lar olu\u015fturur. Y\u0131l boyunca \u0131l\u0131man bir iklime sahiplerdir ve fil ve zebra gibi ot\u00e7ullar i\u00e7in uygun ko\u015fullara sahiptir.
Tropik: Di\u011fer bitli \u00f6rt\u00fclerine g\u00f6re en \u00e7ok hayvan ve bitki \u00e7e\u015fidini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran tropikal ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131, s\u00fcrekli olarak hem y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k hem de y\u00fcksek ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na sahipler. Ekvatora yak\u0131n olu\u015fu nedeniyle de yo\u011fun g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptir dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da nem ve yo\u011fun bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde bitkiler i\u00e7in su ve besin d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.
\u00c7\u00f6l: \u00c7\u00f6llerdeki y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 25 cm\u2019den az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6ller olduk\u00e7a kurak ve bitki ya\u015fam\u0131na uygun ko\u015fullara sahip de\u011fil. G\u00fcn i\u00e7inde 50 dereceye varan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar geceleri ise -50 dereceye kadar inebiliyor. Bu nedenle bu b\u00f6lgelerde biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik oran\u0131 az.
Il\u0131man otlaklar: Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kurak otlar\u0131 bozk\u0131rlar, G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n pampalar\u0131, Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n stepleri ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc otlayan hayvanlar i\u00e7in uygun ve besin zengini topraklara sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye’nin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u00dclkemiz bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi konusunda olduk\u00e7a zengin bir \u00fclkedir. Bitki t\u00fcrlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermesinin nedeni ise iklim, toprak yap\u0131s\u0131, yer \u015fekiller ve be\u015feri fakt\u00f6rleridir.
Orman bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: Ormanlar\u0131n geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 ve i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Hatta baz\u0131 ormanlarda her iki yaprak \u00e7e\u015fidinin bulunur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ormanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunur ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019ya do\u011fru ormanlar seyrekle\u015fir.
Maki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: Sert yaprakl\u0131 olu\u015funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan bodur a\u011fa\u00e7 ve \u00e7al\u0131lardan olu\u015fan maki ile Akdeniz ikliminin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda maki ile Ege, Akdeniz ve G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.
Bozk\u0131r bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlukla yar\u0131 kurak ve kurak b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130lkbahar ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 ile sert \u00e7ay\u0131rlar ye\u015ferir, otlak ve \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
Y\u00fcksek da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131 bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun y\u00fcksek da\u011flar\u0131 ile platolarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesinde belli ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kendili\u011finden yeti\u015fen bitkilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sistem bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor. Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc nelerin etkiledi\u011fi, iklim tipleri ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc gibi bu konuda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2501,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2498"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2498"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2654,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2498\/revisions\/2654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2498"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=2498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}