Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Kaptan-\u0131 Deryas\u0131 yani Amirali Piri Reis\u2019in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce \u00e7izdi\u011fi Afrika, Amerika ve G\u00fcney Kutbu\u2019nu g\u00f6steren haritalar 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda saray ar\u015fivi taramas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7iren bu haritalar tarihi eser ve en eski haritalar olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 detaya sahipler. Siz de bu detaylar\u0131 merak ediyorsan\u0131z i\u00e7eri\u011fimize buyurun\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Piri Reis haritas\u0131n\u0131 hicri takvime g\u00f6re 919, miladi takvime g\u00f6re se 1513 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Bu haritalar topografik detaylardan koordinat \u00e7izgilerine kadar bir\u00e7ok s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7eriyor. Bu duruma en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklerden birisi hen\u00fcz Peru\u2019nun ke\u015ffedilmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Piri Reis\u2019in Ant Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 nas\u0131l bildi\u011fidir diyebiliriz. 1528 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6steren ikinci bir harita \u00e7izen Piri Reis\u2019in bu eseri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabilen ve Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren en eski haritad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amiral Piri Reis D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131 boylam\u0131n hen\u00fcz kesin olarak hesaplanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00e7izmi\u015fti. Haritalarda kara \u015fekillerinin kesin olarak \u00e7izilebilmesi ancak 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki ke\u015fifler sonras\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Bu s\u00fcrece kadar yap\u0131lan haritalar sembolik anlat\u0131mlara dayal\u0131d\u0131r ve gemiler y\u00f6nlerini k\u0131lavuz \u00e7izgileri haritada g\u00f6sterilen kerteriz noktalar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlerdi. Bu tekni\u011fin ismi ise portoland\u0131r. \u0130talyanca k\u00f6kene sahip olan bu kelime limanlarla ba\u011flant\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Portolan tekni\u011fine g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanan haritalarda k\u0131y\u0131, liman ve adalar aras\u0131ndaki mesafeler belirli referans noktalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en rota \u00e7izgileri ile kabaca belirlenir. Piri Reis\u2019in bu tekni\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haritalar\u0131nda bu tekni\u011fin izleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Piri Reis\u2019in birden fazla haritas\u0131 var. \u00c7o\u011funlukla 1513 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk harita ile an\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu haritada Orta ve G\u00fcney Amerika, Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve Avrupa k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ortas\u0131nda Atlas Okyanusu\u2019nun yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu haritan\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcney u\u00e7lar\u0131nda 32\u2019\u015fer u\u00e7lu 95\u2019e 65 cm b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde birer r\u00fczgarg\u00fcl\u00fc var. Haritalar\u0131n \u00fczerinde renkli resimler de yer al\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da lama ve puma, Afrika\u2019da fil ve deve ku\u015fu resimleri yer al\u0131yor. \u0130kinci haritada ise Atlas Okyanusu\u2019nun kuzeyi ile Kuzey ve Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015f. Kuzeyde Gr\u00f6nland g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken \u0131pk\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi olan Florida yar\u0131madas\u0131 da bulunuyor. Ayr\u0131ca Honduras, Bahama, Antil tak\u0131madalar\u0131, Yakutan yar\u0131madalar\u0131, Haiti adalar\u0131 ve K\u00fcba do\u011fru koordinasyon bilgisiyle ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7izilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen genel bir d\u00fczenleme esnas\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen haritalar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunan Piri Reis haritas\u0131, bug\u00fcn Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc avlusunda bulunan III. Ahmed K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde sergileniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00e7izilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Piri Reis haritas\u0131 baz\u0131 noktalarda halen gizemini koruyor. Bunlardan birisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan koordinat bilgilerini belirlemede kullan\u0131lan enlem ve boylam \u00e7izgileri yerine istikamet a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla kilit noktalarda birle\u015fen farkl\u0131 \u00e7izgileri kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. Bu \u00e7izgiler ayn\u0131 zamanda enerji \u0131zgaralar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir; yani \u00e7izgilerin birle\u015fti\u011fi kilit noktalar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belirli enerji merkezlerini g\u00f6steriyor. Bir di\u011fer dikkat \u00e7eken \u00f6zellik ise haritan\u0131n uzaydan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyormu\u015f gibi \u00e7izilmi\u015f olmas\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Piri Reis haritas\u0131 Gr\u00f6nland ve Antartika\u2019n\u0131n buzu alt\u0131 topografi\u011fini de g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kendisini yeti\u015ftiren amcas\u0131 Kemal Reis\u2019in kaybetmesinin ard\u0131ndan Gelibolu\u2019ya \u00e7ekilen Piri Reis burada hem d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131 hem de \u2018Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye\u2019 adl\u0131 eserlerini haz\u0131rlar. D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131 1513 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlar ve 1517 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r seferinden d\u00f6nen padi\u015fah Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019e sunar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Kaptan-\u0131 Deryas\u0131 yani Amirali Piri Reis\u2019in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce \u00e7izdi\u011fi Afrika, Amerika ve G\u00fcney Kutbu\u2019nu g\u00f6steren haritalar 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda saray ar\u015fivi taramas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7iren…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2542"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2544,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2542\/revisions\/2544"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2542"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=2542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}