Maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 atomun d\u00fcnyas\u0131na do\u011fru bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve merak edilenleri yan\u0131tl\u0131yoruz\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atom en k\u0131sa tan\u0131m\u0131 ile bir elementin kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131yan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131s\u0131na atom denir. Evrende yer alan t\u00fcm maddeler pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc \u00e7ekirdek ve etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc elektron ile birlikte y\u00fcz farkl\u0131 atomdan olu\u015fur. Bunlar i\u00e7inde antimadde, kozmik madde ve y\u00fcksek enerjili maddeler d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kal\u0131r. Atomun \u00e7ekirde\u011fi de n\u00fckleon isimli pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc protonlar ile birlikte n\u00f6tronlardan olu\u015fur. Bu da bize t\u00fcm farkl\u0131 maddeler i\u00e7in yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 olarak atomu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hali olan atom, Yunanca \u2018atomos\u2019 yani b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez isminden gelir. Antik d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fayan filozoflar\u0131n maddenin daha fazla b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyece\u011fini bu isimle vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz kimyager ve fizik\u00e7i John Dalton, 1803 y\u0131l\u0131nda maddenin daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez ve ayr\u0131lamaz oldu\u011funa dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bunu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atom hava, su, toprak, ate\u015f ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm farkl\u0131 etmenler madde olarak biliniyor. Bu maddelerin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 atomdur. Atom o kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ki mikroskop ile g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi dahi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Matematiksel a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda milimetrenin milyonda biri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcme sahiptir. Bir\u00e7ok atomun bir araya gelmesi ile anti madde ve kozmik maddeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm maddelerin olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flayan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Temel olarak bir \u00e7ekirdek ve onun etraf\u0131nda bulunan elektron bulutundan olu\u015fan atomun \u00e7ekirde\u011fi elektrondan k\u00fctlece b\u00fcy\u00fck iki temel par\u00e7ac\u0131k yani proton ve n\u00f6trondan olu\u015fuyor. N\u00f6tron y\u00fcks\u00fcz bir par\u00e7a iken protonun elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc 1\u2019dir. Elektron -1 elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ekirdek etraf\u0131ndaki elektron say\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ekirdekteki proton say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funda atom y\u00fcks\u00fcz demektir. Elektron say\u0131s\u0131 proton say\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131ysa elektron y\u00fck\u00fcne sahip olur ve iyon ismini al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir atomun kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini belirleyen proton say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve bilinen elementler proton say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralan\u0131r. Proton say\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 n\u00f6tron say\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funda elementin izotoplar\u0131 ismini al\u0131r. \u0130zotoplar kimyasal olarak ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00fctleleri gibi fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Antik Yunan d\u00f6neminde filozoflar taraf\u0131ndan b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez anlam\u0131na gelen atomos olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1803 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz kimyager ve fizik\u00e7i John Dalton taraf\u0131ndan bulunup, kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dalton, atom konusunda ilk bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131mda bulunan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten bilim insan\u0131d\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re atomlar i\u00e7leri dolu ve par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan k\u00fcrelere benzer. John Dalton, her elementin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir atom yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve bunu kan\u0131tlad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, demiri olu\u015fturan atom ile bak\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturan atomun yap\u0131s\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131 yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Dalton\u2019un atom hakk\u0131nda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc halen ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumas\u0131na ra\u011fmen atomlar\u0131n i\u00e7i dolu ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez oldu\u011fu fikri ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini yitirdi. Geli\u015fen bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda atoma y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeye devam ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fundomundo\u2019nun ke\u015fif dolu evreninde Atomun Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131 dersi<\/a> ile atomun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyor, maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 atomu yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yoruz! Atomun bulunmas\u0131ndan \u015fekline kadar atomla ilgili bir\u00e7ok konuya de\u011finecek gizemli tarihine de g\u00f6z k\u0131rpaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu ders kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerimize yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kazand\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra okuldaki fen bilimleri derslerine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. \u00c7ocuklar \u0130\u00e7in Bilim Dersleri<\/a> kategorisinde birbirinden farkl\u0131 bilimsel i\u00e7erikli dersler yer al\u0131yor, herkesi bekliyoruz!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 atomun d\u00fcnyas\u0131na do\u011fru bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve merak edilenleri yan\u0131tl\u0131yoruz\u2026 Atom Nedir? Atom en k\u0131sa tan\u0131m\u0131 ile bir elementin kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131yan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131s\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2902"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2902"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2904,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2902\/revisions\/2904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2902"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundomundo.com\/kesfet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=2902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}